Some scientists have also been deeply religious people whose scientific findings have clashed with their religious beliefs. The history of science is filled with accounts of people who felt they had to drop their faith in the Bible, usually after much personal anguish, in order to continue to pursue science. However, what their torments mean to our argument today is nothing. Their anguish does not have any bearing on what science considers to be knowledge; only the evidence does.

                     

                                                                Charles Darwin.

In the mid-1800s, Charles Darwin hit the faithful and their institutions and beliefs with probably the biggest of all the jolts. He gave an excellent scientific explanation for life itself. Life on earth, by Darwin’s theory of evolution, had evolved from a few simple cells to complex organisms with trillions of cells over the course of millions (or, he guessed, perhaps billions) of years.

Darwin had the theory, and he had the evidence to support it. The models of genetic variation and natural selection can explain every life form on earth in all their many subtle variations. Fossils in the rocks all over the world show the stages through which life developed and spread. Both chemical and physical evidence give consistent, predictable results that clearly support Darwin’s theory. Life, in all its complex forms on this earth, developed from a few simple cells, by gradual increments, over billions of years.

Where was the Bible then? The first chapter of the Bible, the Book of Genesis, has billions of years of creation squeezed into a time scale of six days. The Darwinian theory of evolution says this is ridiculous. Furthermore, the theory implies that natural physical processes—those that can be observed, predicted, and even manipulated—can account for all of the phenomena in reality, living and non-living. For scientists, the concept of God is not needed in their discussion of what this universe is or what human beings are. It isn’t even relevant.

Darwin’s theory of evolution was a shock of such magnitude that Church authorities and most of the faithful who listen to them are still reeling from it and still lashing out at it. Scientists who believe the theory gives a true picture of reality find these attacks annoying and silly. The evidence is there—mounds of it. What evidence is there for the alternate explanation? One old book, written by a bunch of priests, prophets, and disciples with vested interests and sinecure jobs to protect, making claims about events they did not witness, events that can’t be replicated, examined, or tested. It just isn’t science.

In fact, how can the so-called “faithful”—who every day derive most of the comforts of their way of life from the ideas, discoveries, and inventions of scientists—be such ingrates? It’s a sure bet that however much they may want to criticize the broad range of studies and activities called science, they don’t want to starve and they don’t want their electricity turned off. They certainly don’t want to be eating tainted food, shivering in a hovel by a wood fire, watching their children die of mysterious “night airs”.

In spite of all of these accusations, however, the point of this book is to show that the full description of both sides of this nasty quarrel is more complex than what the last couple of paragraphs portray. For now, this small section on the theory of evolution can be summarized by saying that Darwin’s theory, for most thinking people, floored the Bible for the count. He had found a theory that explained the greatest of the mysteries of our human experience, and he had assembled the evidence to back up that theory.

The Bible had been reduced, apparently, to a collection of myths and poems, with some bits of one ancient tribe’s history woven in. God was like Zeus or Wotan, a story-book character created by a gang of theocrats who played on human fears in order to rule the masses.

                                 

                                                 Wotan  (painting by Konstantin Vasilyev)