Chapter 2.                    Part E 

         In the meantime, by the end of the fighting, the political, religious, and business leaders in every sector of society appeared to be out of answers. They went on spouting the platitudes that had got them and their nations into the horror to begin with. The moral systems appeared bankrupt. Paralyzing doubt began to haunt people in every level of society, from the rich and powerful to the ordinary to the poor. 

         If the morals of the West had led to this, then, people could not help but think, maybe Science was right about the Bible. Maybe the moral beliefs that it recommended had all been a fraud. Maybe there were no moral rules at all. Darwin’s model of the living world had portrayed “nature red in tooth and claw”. Survival of the fittest. That seemed to be the only credible model left. Mere anarchy was loosed upon the world. 

         Before the Scientific Revolution began to erode God out of the thinking of the majority of the citizens of the West, even if people couldn’t grasp why bad things sometimes happened in this world or why bad people sometimes got ahead in spite of, and even because of, the suffering of others, people could still believe God had His reasons and the code of right and wrong still held. God was watching. Matters would be sorted out in time. The liars, manipulators, thieves, bullies, and killers would get their just deserts in time. We just had to be patient and have faith. The people, in large majority, believed the authorities’ official spiel.

         But World War I was just too huge. With the scale of the destruction, the pathetic reasons given to justify it, and the amorality of Science gnawing at their belief systems, more and more people began to suspect and fear that, just as Science had said, there was no God, the Bible was a collection of myths, their leaders were a bunch of deluded incompetents, and the old moral system was a sham. And then, things got worse.

              

                                  British Army bulldozer burying bodies at Bergen-Belsen

                     

              

                                  British soldiers forcing German guards to load bodies

         Following the First World War, to exacerbate the moral confusion and despair, the man-made horrors of the twentieth century began to mount. They are so many and so ugly. The Russian Revolution and Civil War. The worldwide Depression. World War II, six times as destructive as World War I. Hitler’s camps. Stalin’s camps. And on and on. But we don’t need to describe any more. The point is that they were the actions of a species that had gained great physical power at the same time as it lost its moral compass, or, more plainly, its ability to handle that power responsibly.       

     

         The big question - "What is right?" - keeps echoing in an empty hall, and the big fears that go with it have only grown. Where will the code that we need to guide our behavior in international affairs, business, or even everyday matters come from now?

         From the nation to the person, some coherent code must be in place in order for us to function, even if that code is mostly programmed into the subconscious. People without any basic operating code in place can’t act at all. They are called “catatonic”. The problem today is that, for millions of people all over the world, the old moral codes that used to guide all that human beings did are fading. World War I was the first in a series of real world shocks that have deeply rocked all of our beliefs - our beliefs about the value of our Science and, even more deeply, our beliefs about our codes of right and wrong.

         So let me reiterate: the worst fact about our moral dilemma in the twenty-first century is that, collectively, the gurus of Science, though they have been able to achieve amazing things in the realms of machines, chemicals, medicines, etc., have had nothing to say about how we should or should not be using these technologies. Many of them even go so far as to claim that “should” is a word that has no meaning in Science.